Counseling

=__ COUNSELING__= Standard IV-B [|Adolescents & Adults] [|Relationship]

Qualities Necessary for Effective Counseling: (Roseberry-McKibbin, Hegde, 2006)
 * objectivity
 * competence and knowledge
 * honesty and openness
 * flexibility
 * empathy
 * trustworthiness
 * emotional stability
 * ability to motivate clients to take action
 * a nonjudgemental attitude
 * ability to be positive yet realistic

Approaches to Counseling 1) Psychodynamic Theory- created by Freud, purpose is to make clients aware of repressed issues and help them resolve them. Used by trained mental health professionals. 2) Client-Centered Theory- created by Carl Rogers, allows client to freely express emotions while the clinician listens and responds to the content and feelings that the client has put forth. 3) Behavioral Theory- clinicians focus on what is measurable. Instead of focusing on feelings and thoughts, clinicians identify behaviors that they can make positive changes in. 4) Cognitive-Based Theory- created by Albert Ellis, clients thoughts are important to their feelings and actions. Helps client to accept a new set of thoughts so that they may deal with the problem. 5) Eclectic Approach- a combination of many theories and appraoches that clinicians may use. Clinicians listen to and do not judge the client.

Other Issues To Consider In Counseling 1) Gender 2) Age 3) Culture 4) Time 5) Religion

Reactions and Emotions Related to Communication Disorders 1) Shock and disbelief 2) Denial 3) Anger 4) Grief 5) Guilt 6) Anxiety

Defense Mechanisms 1) Rationalization 2) Reaction Formation 3) Displacement 4) Projection 5) Repression 6) Suppresion

References: Roseberry-McKibbin, C., Hegde, M. (2006). An Advanced Review of Speech-Language Pathology. Texas: Pro-Ed.