Anatomy-Physiology


 * __ Anatomy-Physiology __****Standards: III-B, III-C, and III-D **

The larynx plays important roles in respiration, phonation, and swallowing. For information about the anatomy of the larynx and the physiology of phonation click on the following link. [|Anatomy of Larynx]

Respiration provides the energy necessary for phonation. To learn more about respiration click on the following links. [|Respiration] [|Lung Capacity]

Nervous system is a communication system that is distributed unevenly throughout the body. It is comprised of the Peripheral Nervous System and the Central Nervous System. To learn more about the Central and Peripheral nervous systems click on the following links. [|Central Nervous System] [|Peripheral Nervous System]

The cranial nerves V, VII, IX, X, XII are the nerves that play important roles for speech. Click on the following link for more information.  [|Cranial Nerves]

Neurons are the nerve cells that communication information throughout the body via electrical impulses. For more information about neurons click on the following link. [|Neurons]

There are three major motor systems that control movement of the body. They are the extrapyramidal motor system, the pyramidal motor system, and the cerebellar system. Learn more about these systems through the following link. [|Motor Systems]

The cranial blood supply has a protective arterial ring known as the Circle of Willis. Learn more by clicking on the following link. [|Cranial Blood Supply]

//References// Charand, K. (2005). //Nerve Cell.// Retrieved April 5, 2009, from Hyperphysics: Georgia State University Web site: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/HBASE/Biology/nervecell.html

Crimando, J. (2004). //Cranial Nerves: Review Info.// Retrieved April 5, 2009, from Gateway Community College Web site: []

Department of Pathology. (2002). //Blood Supply.// Retrieved April 5, 2009, from Duke University Medical Center Web site: http://pathology.mc.duke.edu/neuropath/nawr/blood-supply.html

Department of Pathology. (2002). //Motor Systems.// Retrieved April 5, 2009, from Duke University Medical Center Web site: http://pathology.mc.duke.edu/neuropath/nawr/motor-systems.html

 Kimball, J. (2009). //The Human Central Nervous System.// Retrieved April 5, 2009, from Kimball’s Biology Pages Web site: http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/CNS.html

Kimball, J. (2009). //The Peri// pheral //Nervous System.// Retrieved April 6, 2009, from Kimball’s Biology Pages Web site: http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/P/PNS.html

Standley, L. (2009). //The Respiration System.// Retrieved April 6, 2009, from Holistic Health Care Web site: http://www.drstandley.com/bodysystems_respiratory.shtml

University of Pitts burgh Voice Center. (1996). //Anatomy and Examination of the Larynx.// Retrieved April 5, 2009, from University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. Website: http://www.pitt.edu/~crosen/voice/anatomy2.html.

Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. (2009). //Lung Capacity.// Retrieved April 5, 2009, from Wikibooks Web site: http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/The_respiratory_system#Lung_Capacity