Voice+Disorders

= = == =__Voice Disorders__=
 * Standard: III-B, III-C, **


 * Defined: Deviation in pitch, intensity, quality, or other vocal attribute which impacts communication, draws attention, or adversely affects the speaker or the listener.


 * Classification of Voice Disorders:
 * Functional Voice Disorders-Due to faulty vocal behaviors. Example: vocal abuse
 * Organic Voice Disorders-Due to tissue changes from disease processes. Example: cancer of the larynx
 * Neurological Voice Problems-Due to neurological diseases that affect the regulation of the vocal folds and other speech related structures. Example: aphonia

= =
 * Examples of Voice Disorders by Classification
 * Functional
 * Diplophonia
 * Fold Thickening
 * Functional Aphonia/Dysphonia
 * Muscle Tension
 * Nodules
 * Phonation/Pitch Breaks
 * Polyps
 * Reinke's Edema
 * Traumatic Laryngitis
 * Ventricular Dysphonia
 * Organic
 * Cancer
 * Contact Ulcer
 * Endocrine Changes
 * Granuloma
 * Hemangioma
 * Hyperkeratosis
 * Hypothyroidism
 * Infectious Laryngitis
 * Laryngectomy
 * Leukplakia
 * Papilloma
 * Pubertal Changes
 * Sulcus Vocalis
 * Webbing
 * Neurological
 * Dysarthria
 * Essential Tremor
 * Paradoxical Movement
 * Spastic Dysphonia
 * Vocal Fold Paralysis
 * Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
 * Multiple Sclerosis

= =
 * Laryngeal Anatomy: [[image:larynx1.jpg]]


 * Assessment of Voice Disorders: Requires a clinical/perceptual and instrumental examination of the parameters of voice (pitch, intensity, quality). It needs to consider the pathology and behavioral patterns that creates the voice disturbance. [| Sample voice assessment from the University of Houston.]


 * Treatment of Voice Disorders: The goal of voice therapy should be "normal" sounding voice with little or no effort/tension.
 * Examples of Voice Treatment Techniques
 * Breath Support--Blow strips of paper from increasing distances
 * Vocal Fold Stiffness--Blowing raspberries or gargling
 * Easy Onset Voice--Humming

References: Boone, D., McFarlane, S. (2000). //The Voice and Voice Therapy//. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

Haxer, M., Fausone, E. (2008). //Evaluation and Treatment of Adult Voice Disorders: What Are You Afraid Of?// MSHA Conference, Kalamazoo, Michigan.

Hegde, M.N. (2008). //Hegde's Pocketguide to Assessment in Speech-Language Pathology//. New York: Delmar Learning.

Hegde, M.N. (2008). //Hegde's Pocketguide to Communication Disorders//. New York: Delmar Learning.

Hegde, M.N. (2008). //Hegde's Pocketguide to Treatment in Speech-Language Pathology//. New York: Delmar Learning.

Metro Health Anesthesia. (2006). //MHA Airway Anatomy.// From: http://www.metrohealthanesthesia.com/images/larynx1.jpg.

University of Houston. (2007). //Voice Evaluation.// From: http://74.125.95.132/search?q=cache:awirkTucyUMJ:www.comd.uh.edu/__docs/clinicforms/Voice%2520Eval%2520form%25202007.doc+clinical+voice+evaluation+form&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us&client=firefox-a.